China pivot from US farm imports bolsters it against trade war risks
Trade tensions loom with upcoming U.S. election
China diversifies farm imports to reduce dependency on U.S.
U.S. soybean exports to China down significantly from 2016
By Mei Mei Chu and Naveen Thukral
BEIJING/SINGAPORE, Nov 1 (Reuters) -China's push to shift its food import sources since 2018 has put it in a better position to impose tit-for-tat tariffs on U.S. farm goods with less harm to its food security if trade friction with Washington flares after the U.S. presidential election.
The threat of a trade war looms for China, the world's top importer of farm products such as soybeans and corn, with Republican candidate Donald Trump floating blanket 60% tariffs on Chinese goods in a bid to boost U.S. manufacturing.
His opponent Kamala Harris, a Democrat, is also expected to confront China on trade.
Since Trump was in the White House, China has slashed its dependence on U.S. farm goods in a concerted effort to beef up national security, including food self-sufficiency.
The pivot began in 2018, when Beijing slapped 25% tariffs on imports of U.S. soybeans, beef, pork, wheat, corn and sorghum, retaliating against duties imposed by the Trump administration on $300 billion worth of Chinese goods.
The move led to a reshaping of global agriculture trade flows, despite Trump and then-Chinese Vice Premier Liu signing a pact in January 2020 under which Beijing promised to boost purchases of U.S. goods and services, including farm products.
Instead, China has decreased U.S. purchases, buying more grain from Brazil, Argentina, Ukraine and Australia, even as it boosts domestic production.
"Beijing feels much safer knowing the U.S. has less leverage over China's food security in the event of a major conflict," said Even Pay, agriculture analyst at Beijing-based consultancy Trivium China.
"That reduction is by design," she said.
This year, the share of China's soybean imports from the U.S. has dropped to 18%, from 40% in 2016, while Brazil’s share has grown to 76% from 46%, according to Chinese customs data.
For corn, Brazil overtook the U.S. as China's top supplier in 2023, just one year after Beijing approved purchases from the South American agricultural powerhouse.
Meanwhile, Chinese livestock companies have been reducing use of soymeal in feed - a move to ease reliance on imported soybeans - while Beijing has approved genetically modified soybean and corn varieties to boost output.
China's agriculture ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
A spokesperson for Trump did not directly comment on the drop in China's reliance on U.S. farm exports, but pointed to Trump's comments that tariff is "a beautiful word" and "we will take in hundreds of billions of dollars into our treasury and use that money to benefit the American citizens."
Harris' campaign website says the Democratic candidate "will not tolerate unfair trade practices from China or any competitor that undermines American workers".
STOCKING UP
In anticipation of post-election tensions, Chinese buyers have boosted agricultural imports, including American soybeans and corn, traders and analysts say.
Imports of soybeans, used mainly for animal feed, are up 8% in the first nine months of the year, with barley purchases increasing 63% and sorghum shipments climbing 86%.
"This time is different. China is well stocked up on most of its needs," said a trader at an international trading company in Singapore which sells grains and oilseeds to China and declined to be named as they were not authorised to speak with media.
"There won't be any supply shock immediately and it will give China time to plan and redirect purchases," he said.
U.S. soybean export premiums are at their highest in 14 months, as grain merchants race to ship a record harvest ahead of the election.
While Beijing would prefer to avoid targeting food staples in a tit-for-tat trade war, it may be forced to do so, said Wendong Zhang, an assistant professor and agricultural economist at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
"China's retaliation would be proportional in terms of trade value and with the goal to inflict economic and political cost, which tends to lead to retaliation on agricultural products."
China's overall trade surplus with the U.S. totalled $33.33 billion in September alone, limiting its options to retaliate.
"China ... can reduce its exposure to U.S. goods only to some extent. There are only limited places where you can get these products from," Dennis Voznesenski, an analyst at Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
US FARMERS VULNERABLE
Polls show Harris and Trump to be neck and neck, although Trump leads in most agricultural heartland states even though the last trade war was a blow to U.S. farmers and led Trump's administration to pay them about $23 billion in compensation, according to the Government Accountability Office.
About half of American soybeans, the top U.S. export to China, are shipped to the country, accounting for $15.2 billion of trade in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Soybean and corn prices are trading near four-year lows amid ample world supplies, fuelling worry among U.S. farmers.
"We are very concerned. We are not the only soybean producer in the world. South America is producing an awful lot of soybeans," said Mark Tuttle, a soybean farmer in northern Illinois. "If we were to institute more tariffs, that would be very detrimental to our situation."
China soybeans imports in metric tons https://reut.rs/3YACttZ
China agricultural imports in USD https://reut.rs/3YACqhN
US agricultural exports in USD. Trade value of exports to China remains stable but shipment volumes are declining. https://reut.rs/4hjmTu7
Reporting by Mei Mei Chu and Naveen Thukral; Additional reporting by Karl Plume in Chicago; Editing by Tony Munroe and Sonali Paul
면책조항: XM Group 회사는 체결 전용 서비스와 온라인 거래 플랫폼에 대한 접근을 제공하여, 개인이 웹사이트에서 또는 웹사이트를 통해 이용 가능한 콘텐츠를 보거나 사용할 수 있도록 허용합니다. 이에 대해 변경하거나 확장할 의도는 없습니다. 이러한 접근 및 사용에는 다음 사항이 항상 적용됩니다: (i) 이용 약관, (ii) 위험 경고, (iii) 완전 면책조항. 따라서, 이러한 콘텐츠는 일반적인 정보에 불과합니다. 특히, 온라인 거래 플랫폼의 콘텐츠는 금융 시장에서의 거래에 대한 권유나 제안이 아닙니다. 금융 시장에서의 거래는 자본에 상당한 위험을 수반합니다.
온라인 거래 플랫폼에 공개된 모든 자료는 교육/정보 목적으로만 제공되며, 금융, 투자세 또는 거래 조언 및 권고, 거래 가격 기록, 금융 상품 또는 원치 않는 금융 프로모션의 거래 제안 또는 권유를 포함하지 않으며, 포함해서도 안됩니다.
이 웹사이트에 포함된 모든 의견, 뉴스, 리서치, 분석, 가격, 기타 정보 또는 제3자 사이트에 대한 링크와 같이 XM이 준비하는 콘텐츠 뿐만 아니라, 제3자 콘텐츠는 일반 시장 논평으로서 "현재" 기준으로 제공되며, 투자 조언으로 여겨지지 않습니다. 모든 콘텐츠가 투자 리서치로 해석되는 경우, 투자 리서치의 독립성을 촉진하기 위해 고안된 법적 요건에 따라 콘텐츠가 의도되지 않았으며, 준비되지 않았다는 점을 인지하고 동의해야 합니다. 따라서, 관련 법률 및 규정에 따른 마케팅 커뮤니케이션이라고 간주됩니다. 여기에서 접근할 수 있는 앞서 언급한 정보에 대한 비독립 투자 리서치 및 위험 경고 알림을 읽고, 이해하시기 바랍니다.
