All-out trade war could mean less support for safe-haven yen
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ALL-OUT TRADE WAR COULD MEAN LESS SUPPORT FOR SAFE-HAVEN YEN
The safe-haven yen may not benefit as much from an all-out global trade war looming under the incoming Trump administration as it did in 2019, according to Karen Fishman, senior economist at Goldman Sachs in her latest research note.
President-elect Donald Trump has committed to impose 25% tariffs on products coming into the United States from Mexico and Canada until such time that the two countries are able to clamp down on illegal drugs and immigration. Trump also seeks to impose another 10% levy on Chinese goods.
The yen rallied against the dollar and euro following Trump's announcement on Monday and understandably so, being a safe haven. On Wednesday, the yen hit a five-week peak against the greenback. To recall, the yen also outperformed most currencies amid tariff announcements in 2019. But it was a somewhat different dynamic at that time, notes Fishman.
"While the U.S. economy was similarly strong at the end of 2018, with growth expectations for the year ahead at 2-2.5% and the unemployment rate around 4%—the level of inflation is very different from the Fed's perspective," Fishman writes.
"Going into 2019, core PCE had been averaging 1.5% for nearly the prior decade and stood at 2% in December 2018, whereas today it has fallen to 2.65% after having peaked at nearly 5.7% in 2022."
While U.S. inflation in late 2024 and 2025 is likely to come down, the risk has shifted toward fewer rate hikes next year given a generally stable labor market and solid U.S. economy overall, the Goldman analyst says.
The risks going into 2019, however, were skewed toward fewer Fed hikes. Ultimately the Fed ended up cutting rates that year. That scenario, Fishman notes, allowed for the 10-year real rate differential to consistently narrow in the yen's favor, as Fed expectations flipped from higher to lower policy rates.
Fast forward to 2024, inflation remains above target and the U.S. growth outlook is likely to stay relatively resilient even under Goldman's baseline of additional tariffs, she points out. Having sharply lower Treasury yields would probably require a more dramatic negative shift in the U.S. growth outlook, which is not a consensus expectation.
Fishman concludes that support for the yen against the dollar may be limited this time around.
(Gertrude Chavez-Dreyfuss)
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